Fig 1Hips, shoulders, back footHover · space · S O F M Cback-foot contact
Shoulders–
Hips–
Separation–
Counter-rot.–
Foot to crease–
Action–
The 33 points Stance tracks, drawn as Stance draws themLong hand: the shoulder line from above. Short hand: the hip line. Arrow: the back footPlumb lines from hips and shoulders down to the tableRider: shoulders at back-foot contact. Drag pointer: most side-on since. Bands: separation and counter-rotation, bright at 30° or moreA right-arm bowler seen from above-ish, on the guide's scale: a line through the shoulders (or hips) reads 180° when it points straight down the pitch and 270° when it lies along the crease. Portus (2001): side-on means shoulders under 210° at back-foot contact, semi-open 210–240°, front-on over 240°, all three with hips and shoulders within 30° of each other at contact and less than 30° of shoulder counter-rotation afterwards; mixed means a 30° hip–shoulder gap at contact or 30° of counter-rotation. Counter-rotation is the shoulder angle at back-foot contact minus the most side-on angle the shoulders reach before the front foot lands. The angles are measured from the skeleton's own joints. The poses are illustrative (Side-on: shoulders 200°, hips 196°, separation +4°, counter-rotation 8°, back foot 8° to the crease; Semi-open: shoulders 226°, hips 222°, separation +4°, counter-rotation 10°, back foot 36° to the crease; Front-on: shoulders 256°, hips 252°, separation +4°, counter-rotation 18°, back foot 66° to the crease; Mixed: twisted at contact: shoulders 206°, hips 250°, separation −44°, counter-rotation 6°, back foot 66° to the crease; Mixed: counter-rotation: shoulders 254°, hips 250°, separation +4°, counter-rotation 52°, back foot 62° to the crease), except the counter-rotation mode, posed to the coached ECB group's average before coaching: shoulders 254° at back-foot contact and 52° of counter-rotation (Worthington and colleagues, 2009). Back-foot angles are illustrative: the foot tends to land parallel to the crease side-on and pointing down the pitch front-on. Stance's own run-up report has a related flag, shoulder re-alignment between back-foot and front-foot contact, but it reads the shoulder line's tilt in the 2D video frame, not this top-view angle. Mirror everything for a left-armer.